Grape

Grape

Grapes are divided into two main categories – table and wine. Marketable and agro-technological requirements for each of these categories vary depending on the region of cultivation, traditions and taste preferences. The general trend in viticulture prioritizes production and maximum yield of table varieties unlike the priority of quality over profitability in wine varieties.

Peculiarities

Grapes – although cold-resistant, but light and heat-loving crop, that doesn’t tolerate frost and excess moisture. There is experience of industrial greenhouse cultivation of table grapes in cold regions.

Grapes are a perennial fruit tree that requires a special vineyard laying before transplanting of seedlings. Vineyard plots in open ground are located, as a rule, on slopes with a north-south solar exposure, with large row space so that all plants have enough light.

Grapes like to grow without neighbors, but protective crops are grown around the perimeter to protect the grapes from the wind. After each season, the grapes need trunk mulching and anti-aging pruning. Soils under vineyards should have good drainage. SatoHum® has experience in applying SatoSoil® improvers with humic and fulvic acids in open grounds for table varieties vineyards.

Growing grape rootstocks and choosing the right scions is an activity that requires special attention and care, the longevity and fruiting of the entire vineyard depends on it. Young saplings need special vine-training system and fruit-bearing scapes with trellises. Grapes begin to bear fruit in the third year and yield crops up to almost 30 years. When propagated by cuttings, fruiting can be extended for over 100 years.

Grafted intensive vineyards don’t withstand the entire life cycle and bear fruit up to 8-9 years, and then the orchard is re-planted. When replanting the garden and uprooting the previous trunks and roots, top dressing of the fruitful layer with SatoSoil® pHoenix soil improver is highly suggested, which corrects the acidity of the soil and neutralizes nitrates and ammonium salts.

Organo-mineral fertilizers Sato® Turbo and growth regulators SatoHum®, the raw material for which is a peat-sapropel mixture from environmentally friendly sources, effectively protect grapes from pathogens, fight insect pest attacks, gradually release minerals. All SatoHum® formulations contain useful humates, humic and fulvic acids, have a healing bactericidal and fungicidal effect, increase looseness and buffering of soils, improve ripening and fruit filling.

Signs of nutrient deficiency in grape

yellowing and shrinkage of the leaves, twisting and browning of the leaves - lack of nitrogen;
weak vines, elongated internodes - lack of light and potassium;
reddening of leaves or purple spots - insufficient photosynthesis, phosphorus starvation;
yellow edges on leaves, underdeveloped vines - lack of magnesium;
interveinal chlorosis - magnesium or potassium starvation;
yellowing of young leaves and shoots from the top - lack of iron, prolonged rains and excess moisture;
yellowing of young leaves and shoots from the top - lack of iron, prolonged rains and excess moisture;
lightening of old leaves, dying off of growth points - boron deficiency;
underdeveloped clusters, weak fruit filling, early leaf fall - lack of calcium.

4 Sato® Steps – recommendations for fertilization and top dressing for grape

SOILS

VEGETATION BEGINNING

GROWTH

HARVEST

SatoSoil® Biome

Preservation of fertile layer

Top dressing for mulching trunks

Organic soils nutrition

Deep incorporation or mulching
0,5 – 1 kg/bush

SatoSoil® pHoenix

Restoration of saline and acidic soils

Deep incorporation
0,6 – 1,2 kg/m²

SatoHum® K or
Sato® Tubo NPK

Watering the soil improver
2 – 6 ml/10 l of water

SatoHum® Complex /
Sato® Tubo NPK

Complex top dressing with minerals

Systemic micronutrient feeding
0,1 – 0,3 l/ha

SatoHum® K / Sato® Tubo micronutrients

Rectification of meso and microelements starvation
0,3 l/ha

Fighting parasites and fungal diseases
30 – 40 ml/10 l of water

Sato® Tubo K-B / Sato® Tubo K-Mo / Sato® Tubo K-Zn

Feeding with micronutrients
0,3 l/ha

SatoHum® Complex

Fruit plumping

Weight gain

First buds

Ovary of berries
0,3 l/ha

SatoHum® Complex

Grape wilting prevention

Long keeping quality

Before harvesting
0,3 l/ha

WARNING AND GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS: 4 Sato® Steps is a comprehensive crop care system that provides the basic crop needs for the main 12 macro, meso and micronutrients for an optimal growing cycle and unlocking the potential of each crop.

SOILS: In pre-sowing application of SatoSoil® improvers, the minimum rate is introduced; when autumn applying, the maximum rate is recommended. When applying Sato® Turbo organo-mineral fertilizers after SatoSoil® improvers, the minimum rate is applied; if the soil hasn’t been treated, the maximum rate is applied. For irrigation, it’s recommended to activate granulates (soil improvers) with SatoHum® K liquid formulation or Sato® Turbo NPK liquid organo-mineral product.

SEEDS/SEEDLINGS/VEGETATION BEGINNING: Treatment of seeds and seedlings with SatoHum® K formulation is compatible with treatment by classical protectants without reducing the rates of their application, and helps to increase the viability of seedlings, the development of the plant and its fruitfulness.

GROWTH: Our SatoHum® solutions have a guaranteed composition with high content of humic and fulvic acids with amino acids of plant origin. It is not recommended to exceed the total applying dose of SatoHum® liquid formulations over 6 l/ha/season, starting from the germination/seedlings phase. If SatoHum® K is used for prophylactic purposes, it is recommended to apply the minimum dose.

HARVEST: Simultaneous fertilization with several SatoHum® products is not expected, excepting the soil improver’s activation. It’s not recommended to exceed the specified application rates. For single, not systemic application of SatoHum® products, the maximum dosage of the product is recommended.